Extreme Cold
Extreme Cold occurs when temperatures drop to levels that can affect health and safety, especially during prolonged exposure or when combined with rain, wind, flooding, or flash flooding. Even in the San Francisco Bay Area, colder temperatures can be dangerous.
How This Affects Alameda County
Cold weather impacts communities across Alameda County, particularly overnight when temperatures drop and homes may not be designed for sustained cold.
Extreme Cold may:
- Increase risk of hypothermia and cold-related illness
- Impact people without adequate heating or shelter
- Increase risk of carbon monoxide exposure from unsafe heating
- Create hazardous travel conditions during storms
Note: Periods of cold weather may trigger the opening of warming centers to provide safe indoor spaces for those in need.
Who Is Most at Risk
- Older adults
- Infants and young children
- People with chronic medical conditions
- People experiencing homelessness
- People without reliable heating
- People with disabilities or mobility limitations
- Outdoor workers
Learn more on preparedness considerations and resources for the whole community.
Extreme Cold Safety Tips
Before, During, and After Extreme Cold
- Check weather forecasts and cold weather alerts
- Know where local warming centers or heated indoor spaces
- Dress in layers with hats, gloves, and warm footwear
- Limit time outdoors, especially at night
- Keep homes safely heated and ventilated
- Check on family, neighbors, and others who may need assistance
- Bring pets indoors or provide warm shelter
Heating Your Home
- Do not use ovens or grills to heat your home
- Use space heaters safely and keep them away from anything that can burn
- Install and maintain carbon monoxide detectors
Recognize Cold-Related Illness
Hypothermia
Hypothermia happens when your body temperature drops too low and can occur with prolonged exposure to cold.
Signs of Hypothermia:
- Confusion or disorientation
- Clumsiness and loss of coordination
- Drowsiness or exhaustion
- Shivering
- Slurred speech
Take Action if you notice the above signs:
- Move the person to a warm, dry place
- Remove wet clothing
- Warm the body gradually using blankets or warm clothing
- Provide warm liquids if conscious
- Seek medical attention immediately
Note:Hypothermia can become life-threatening if not treated quickly.
Frostbite
Frostbite is when skin and tissue freeze.
Signs of Frostbite:
- Numbness or loss of feeling
- Skin that feels hard
- Pale, gray, or waxy skin
Take Action if you notice the above signs:
- Go to a warm place right away
- Warm the area slowly with body heat or warm water
- Do not rub or massage the skin
- Seek medical care
Extreme Cold Alert and Warning (National Weather Service)
Understanding alerts helps you take action early. The National Weather Service provides cold alerts, forecasts, advisories, and warning information.
Extreme Cold Watch – Be Prepared: are issued when dangerously cold conditions are possible. Monitor forecasts and prepare for worsening conditions.
Extreme Cold Weather Advisory – Be Aware: are issued when cold conditions may pose a risk to health if precautions are not taken.
Extreme Cold Warning – Take Action: are issued when life-threatening cold conditions are occurring or expected. Take immediate steps to protect yourself.
Warming Centers
Warming Centers are temporary locations open during extreme cold weather events to provide a safe, heated space.
- Locations may include community centers, libraries, or other public facilities
- Hours and availability vary by jurisdiction
- Transportation or outreach services may be available for those in need
Note: Check local announcements for locations and hours during extreme cold weather events.
Extreme Cold Resources
211 Alameda County: Dial 2-1-1 for information and referrals to local services, resources, and support in multiple languages during extreme temperatures
Alameda County Health | Health Care for the Homeless: Provides resources and support during cold weather
Alameda County | Open Warming Facilities: Find locations and hours during cold weather events
National Weather Service | Cold Weather Safety: Information on cold risks, alerts, and safety tips
Ready.gov | Winter Weather: Provides preparedness and safety guidance for cold conditions